Achalasia of cardia (a cardiospasm, an achalasia of an esophagus, an idiopathic esophagectasia, etc.) - rather rare chronic nervously-muscular disease of the esophagus, described disturbance of reflex disclosing of cardia at a swallowing and accompanied disturbance of a peristalsis and depression of a tonus of a thoracal department of an esophagus. The etiology is studied insufficiently. The important role of a virus infection, genetic predisposition is supposed; quite often attributes of disease arise after a mental trauma. In a basis of a pathogenesis of an achalasia of an esophagus disturbance of activity of the nervously-muscular apparatus of the esophagus, bound with deficiency, the neuronic transmitter - oxide of nitrogen lays. Disturbance of a relaxation of the bottom esophageal sphincter leads to that it reveals only at mechanical influence on it of the nutrition which has collected in an esophagus. At loss of a tonus of walls of an esophagus its secondary dilatation if the tonus is kept - hyperkinetic disturbances of a peristalsis develops.

Signs, current. The retrosternal pain, disturbance swallowings (dysphagia) and an esophageal vomiting (regurgitation) are characteristic. The Retrosternal pain is shown in the form of the painful crisises, often arising at night; sometimes the pain arises at empty or, on the contrary, the overflown esophagus. The dysphagia in the beginning incidental, in the expressed cases is observed at each reception of nutrition and, especially at a swallowing of the dry or badly chewed nutrition, amplifies at excitement. For simplification of passage of nutrition of patients drink down in one breath a glass of water or swallow air, do deep inspirations, curve a trunk back, etc., that in some cases helps. In process of advance of disease there is a dysphagia at reception of liquids. The simplification of a dysphagia is perceived by patients as "failure" of peep in a stomach. Otherwise there is a regurgitation, shown a regurgitation of the saliva which has accumulated in an esophagus, slime and the alimentary rests. The regurgitation arises at overflow of an esophagus at height of a dyscomfort behind a breast, and also at an inclination of a trunk forward or at night, during a dream. In the latter case the aspiration of belched masses is possible, that quite often is the reason of pneumonias. The retrosternal pain arises more often at night, can irradiate in a neck, a mandible, interscapular space, lasts from several minutes till several o'clock.