Aortic aneurysm - the limited expansion of a lumen of an aorta owing to a stretching and diverticulums of its wall. Under the form distinguish aneurysms saccular (a local diverticulum of a wall of an aorta) and spindle-shaped (the aorta is dilated on all circle), on localization - to an aneurysm of an ascending department, an arch and a descending department of a thoracal aorta and an aneurysm of an abdominal aorta. The false aortic aneurysm represents a periaortic hematoma of a traumatic genesis.

Etiology. The aortic aneurysm is observed more often at an atherosclerosis, more rare reasons - a lues, traumas, congenital diseases of a connecting tissue. Signs, current depend on localization and rates of augmentation aneurysms. An aneurysm of a thoracal aorta quite often proceeds asymptomatically, reaching the appreciable sizes. Its attribute can be the thoracal pain arising at a boring of periaortal nervous plexuses. Pressing, sometimes the arching pain behind a breast bone or in parasternal area appears in rest or at an insignificant exercise stress and lasts hours. It can amplify at rise of arms up, is not stoped by Sodium nitritums and not accompanied by dynamics of an electrocardiogram. Rising arterial pressure during the moment of a painful attack, application of antihypertensives is characteristic (in particular, antagonists of a calcium) the condition and state of health of patients improves. At the appreciable sizes aneurysms of a thoracal aorta arise attributes of a compression: Headache, puffiness of a head and neck, swelling of cervical veins (syndrome of the top vena cava), unilateral edema, cyanosis and swelling of superficial veins of an arm, tussis, inspiratory dyspnea, respiration (at a prelum of a trachea, bronchuses), disturbances of a swallowing (at a prelum of an esophagus), hoarseness of a voice, an aphonia, a unilateral ptosis, narrowing of a pupil and a palpebral fissure, a retraction of an eyeglobe (at a prelum thoracal, parts of a sympathetic trunk). The pneumorrhagia and a poor vomiting a blood can testify to threat of break aneurysms in a trachea or an esophagus.