Bronchiectasias - congenital or more often the got irreversible cylindrical or saccular expansions segmentary and subsegmental bronchuses with a chronic inflammation of a bronchial wall, in 50 % of cases - bilateral, are is more often localized in basal segments and the bottom shares. In a basis of development of bronchiectasias the congenital defects of bronchial structures transferred in the early childhood of a pneumonia or bronchites, disturbance of protective mechanisms, complication of other pulmonary and bronchial illnesses (a chronic bronchitis, an aspiration of alien bodies) lay. Distinguish primary and secondary bronchiectasias. Primary bronchiectasias are caused by congenital defects with the coming hypertrophy of a mucosa of bronchuses aggravating disturbance of drainage function, a hypercrinia with connection of a secondary infection. The reason of the secondary got bronchiectasias can be any disturbance of drainage function of bronchuses both functional, and an organic parentage, with a secondary hypercrinia, connection of an infection and destruction of a wall of bronchuses with weakly expressed cartilaginous skeleton. In the subsequent there is a peribronchitis, an edema of a parenchyma and cicatrical change of a tissue of a lung.

Signs, current. Bronchiectasias develop at any age; is more often they arise in the early childhood, but signs can appear much later. Their gravity and the characteristic widely vary at different patients and even at the same patients at various times. Most typical chronic tussis and unit of a sputum. Adults a unique sign of "dry" bronchiectasias can have a pneumorrhagia. The typical beginning of disease - a serious pneumonia with the subsequent incomplete disappearance of signs and residual persistent tussis with a sputum. In process of advance of process tussis it becomes usual more and more productive; often it arises with a characteristic regularity: in the mornings at rise and late at night, sometimes at a withdrawal to a dream, and at other o'clock many patients do not cough almost. The goose breathing, dyspnea, other displays of a respiratory failure and the right ventricular failure owing to development of pulmonary heart meet in far come cases combined a chronic bronchitis and an emphysema. Attributes of a chronic hypoxia - a sign of drum-type rods and fingernails in the form of hour glasses are often taped.