Cirrhosis of a liver - the chronic progressing disease, described disturbance of structure of an organ in connection with development of a fibrosis and parenchymatous units.

Pathogenesis. The direct injury of a hepatic tissue the infectious or toxic factor occurs at long influence of the immunologic disturbances shown in purchase by fibers of a liver of antigenic properties and development to them of antibodies. In a basis of a primary cirrhosis the long intrahepatic cholestasia lays. At a secondary cirrhosis of a liver disturbance of outflow of bile on extrahepatic cholic ducts, a cholangitis, development of antibodies to fibers of epithelial cells of cholic canaliculuses matters. At all kinds of a cirrhosis the dystrophia and a necrobiosis of hepatocytes develop, the expressed mesenchymal reaction, growth of a connecting tissue owing to what are broken lobular structure of a liver, an intrahepatic blood flow, a lymph flow, outflow of bile are observed. Disturbance of an intrahepatic blood flow causes a hypoxia and strengthens dystrophic changes in a parenchyma of a liver. Nodal neogenesis of hepatocytes is characteristic also.

Signs, current. Alongside with augmentation or decrease of the sizes of a liver its inspissation, an accompanying splenomegaly, signs of a portal hypertensia (an ascites, a varicose phlebectasia of a hemorrhoidal plexus, an esophagus and a cardial department of a stomach, and also the hypodermic paraumbilical veins missing in the different parties from a umbilical ring - « a head of the Jellyfish »), an icterus are characteristic. The blunt or strong pain in the field of a liver, amplifying after errors in a diet and physical work is quite often observed; the dermal itch caused by a delay of allocation and accumulation in tissues of cholic acids. At survey of the patient « hepatic signs » are taped characteristic for a cirrhosis: teleangiectasias ("asterisks", "spiders") on a skin of the top half of trunk, an erythema of palms (« hepatic palms »), « varnish tongue » crimson color, « hepatic tongue ».