Craniocerebral trauma.

The mechanical trauma of a skull causes a prelum (passing or permanent) a cerebral tissue, a tension and shift of its layers, passing sharp rising of intracranial pressure. Shift of cerebral substance can be accompanied by break of a cerebral tissue and vessels, a bruise of a brain. Usually these mechanical disturbances are supplemented with complex biochemical changes in a brain.

Depending on, whether it is kept at a trauma an integrity of integuments of a skull and its tightness or they are broken, craniocerebral traumas section on closed and opened.

The closed craniocerebral traumas traditionally divide into concussion, a bruise and a prelum; conditionally to them carry also a fracture of base of the skull and cracks of a crest at safety of an integument.

The brain concussion is characterized by a triad of attributes: a loss of consciousness, a nausea or a vomiting, an amnesia. The focal neurologic symptomatology is absent.

The bruise of a brain is diagnosed when the general cerebral signs are supplemented with attributes of a focal lesion of a brain. The bruise of a brain can arise both in a place of a trauma, and on the opposite party on the mechanism of a coutrecoup. Duration of a loss of consciousness at concussion - in most cases from several minutes up to tens.

The prelum of a brain means development of a traumatic hematoma, more often subdural. At more simple there is " a light period ": the patient who has come to consciousness after a while again starts "to be loaded", becoming apathetic, flaccid, and then soporous.

The fracture of base of the skull is inevitably accompanied by a bruise of a brain of this or that degree, characterized by penetration of a blood from a cavity of a skull in a nasopharynx, in periorbital tissues and under a conjunctiva, in a tympanic cavity (at an otoscopy cyanochroic painting of a tympanic membrane or its break is found out). The bleeding from a nose and ears can be consequence of a local trauma, therefore it is not a specific attribute of a fracture of base of the skull. In a peer measure " the sign of glasses " also quite often happens consequence of especially local trauma of the face.