Diabetum sugar - the disease caused by an absolute or relative failure of an insulin and described rasping disturbance of an exchange of carbohydrates with a hyperglycemia and a glucosuria, and also other disturbances of a metabolism.

Etiology. Hereditary predisposition, autoimmune, vascular disturbances, an obesity, mental and physical traumas, virus infections matter.

Pathogenesis. At an absolute failure of an insulin the level of an insulin in a blood owing to disturbance of its synthesis or secretion by cells decreases. The relative insulinic failure can grow out depression of activity of an insulin owing to its raised linkage with the fiber, the strengthened destruction by enzymes of a liver, prevalence of effects of hormonal and not hormonal antagonists of an insulin (a glucagon, hormones of a cortex of adrenals, a thyroid gland, a hormone of body height), changes of sensitivity of tissues for an insulin. The failure of an insulin leads to disturbance of a carbohydrate, fatty and albuminous exchange. Permeability for a glucose of cellular membranes in a fatty and muscular tissue decreases, amplify a glycogenolysis, there are hyperglycemia, a glucosuria which are accompanied by a polyuria and a polydipsia.