Fracture of a jaw - damage of a gnathic bone with disturbance of its integrity.

Etiology. Household, sports, fire and other traumas.

Pathogenesis. Not fire fractures occur on weak lines of jaws. Pathological fractures are caused by a chronic osteomyelitis, a malignant tumour, a fibrous ostitis and other diseases.

The clinical picture is defined by a painful syndrome, shift of fragments, their mobility, change of an occlusion, disturbance of speech and a mastication, a plentiful hypersalivation. At fracture of an alveolar process a defining sign - disturbance of an articulation. Current of fractures can become complicated an osteomyelitis and about a gnathic phlegmon. The roentgenogram allows to specify localization and character of fracture. The originality of clinical displays in many respects is defined by localization of fracture. Fire fractures of jaws have more various localization, are usually combined with wound of eyes, a nose, bones of a skull, accompanied by a plentiful nasal and stomatic bleeding. Are possible an aspiration of a blood, vomitive masses, a teeth and other complications (an asphyxia, a meningitis).

The forecast. At ordinary fractures and well-timed treatment the integrity of a bone and function of jaws are restored within 3-4 weeks. Fractures of a branch, articulate and temporal processes of a mandible are fraught with proof functional disturbances.