Hemorrhoids - the varicose phlebectasia of a hemorrhoidal plexus often complicated by an inflammation, a clottage and a bleeding. External hemorrhoidal units are localized below a gear line and covered by a scaly epithelium. Internal hemorrhoidal units are localized above a gear line.

Etiology, pathogenesis. In a basis of disease disturbances of outflow of a blood on venules from the cavernous bodies which are settling down in a wall of a rectum which are substrate of hemorrhoidal unit lay. It is promoted by an inactive way of life, constipations and inflammatory or tumoral processes in a rectum and other organs of a small basin. Long overflow of cavernous bodies causes expansion, a thinning of their walls and the cover tissues, easily exposed to a traumatizing with formation of fine erosions and breaks. As a result there are bleedings at the certificate of a defecation or hygienic processing of area of an anus. Besides formation of erosions and cracks of cover tissues frames conditions for their becoming infected and development of inflammatory processes on a background of a clottage of hemorrhoidal units (an acute hemorrhoids).

Signs, current. At a uncomplicated hemorrhoids - an itch, sensation of an alien body, allocation of drops or trickles of a scarlet blood in the extremity of the certificate of a defecation, an anemia. At complications there is a strong pain, the temperature raises, there is an edema and a hyperemia around of an anus, difficulty of the certificate of a defecation, sometimes an ischuria. Current more often long with periodic exacerbations and complications, down to the expressed anemia and a purulent inflammation, with a clottage and a necrosis of units.