Hepatitis - group of acute and chronic inflammatory diseases of the liver, its cells described by a necrosis.

Hepatitis acute.

Etiology. Distinguish hepatitises infectious, toxic, medicinal, etc. Possible originators of an infectious hepatitis - viruses of a hepatitis, and also a cytomegalovirus, viruses of an infectious mononucleosis, a yellow fever, a rubella, reproach, simple herpes, echoviruses, mycoplasmas. Toxic hepatitises cause alcohol and some other chemical substances (for example, four-chloride Carboneum), morels.

The pathogenesis of an acute hepatitis consists or in immediate action of the damaging factor on a hepatic parenchyma, or in the immunologic disturbances arising in reply to a primary lesion of a liver, with the subsequent cytolysis of the amazed and intact hepatocytes. In some cases additional value have disturbance of microcirculation in a liver and an intrahepatic cholestasia.

Signs, current. In easy cases the acute hepatitis proceeds practically asymptomatically, being taped only at casual or purposeful inspection (for example, on manufacture among the faces contacting to hepatotropic poisons). In more serious cases clinical signs of disease develop quickly, often in a combination to attributes of the general intoxication and a toxic lesion of other organs and systems. At the height of illness the icteric staining of a skin and mucosas, albesent clay color a feces - the sated dark color (« color of beer ») urine, the hemorrhagic phenomena are characteristic.

Chronic hepatitis - group of inflammatory diseases of the liver, described a various degree of a hepatocellular necrosis and an inflammation duration of current more than 6 months. Among chronic diseases of a liver the chronic hepatitis is the most frequent.