Icterus mechanical - the pathological syndrome caused by disturbance of outflow of bile from cholic ducts and development of a cholestasia. The reasons of a mechanical icterus: developmental anomalies; a cloelithiasis, stones in general cholic and the hepatic ducts, the driven stones of the big papilla of a duodenum, inflammatory strictures and stenoses (strictures of cholic courses, inflammatory); inflammatory diseases (an acute cholecystitis, a pericholecystitis, a cholangitis, a pancreatitis, an alveolar echinococcosis in the field of portal fissures); tumours (a papillomatosis of cholic courses, a cancer hepatic and the general cholic ducts, the big papilla of a duodenum, a head of a pancreas).

Pathophysiological effects of a cholestasia represent result of accumulation of components of bile in a blood flow and insufficient entering or the termination of their entering in an intestine for an egestion. It is a question of a bilirubin, cholic salts and lipids. The occlusion of ducts leads to a hyperbilirubinemia with a lot of a pigment in urine, to a decolorization of a chair. Disturbance of an exchange of cholic acids causes a dermal itch. Besides at a cloelithiasis often there is a hypercholesterinemia and an insufficient absorption of liposoluble vitamins, first of all vitamin-K, sometimes a hypoproteinemia. At stagnation and, especially, a stasis of bile the purulent cholangitis that leads to sharp disturbances of a functional condition of a liver quickly develops and serves as the reason of development of an acute hepatic failure.

Stones of cholic ways - one of displays of a cloelithiasis. After an attack of a hepatic colic there can be the dermal itch, the decoloured feces, urine of dark color. Long existence of a mechanical icterus leads to development of a cirrhosis of a liver, a hepatic coma, cholemic bleedings. Connection of a cholangitis considerably worsens the general condition of the patient: the heat, a cold fit, profuse sweat, quickly accrues a hepatic failure.

The stricture of cholic ways - cicatrical narrowing - results from a decubitus a stone or damages during operation on cholic ducts.