The melanoma - skins develops from the cells producing a dark pigment a melanin which settle down mainly in a basal layer of a false skin. Most often the tumour is localized on the open sites of a body - the bottom extremities, a skin of a head and a neck. Besides a skin, melanomas quite often amaze an organ of vision, mucosas of an oral cavity, the top respiratory ways, a rectum. Other localizations of a tumour are rare. Exclusively high degree of danger of melanomas that is the reason of enhanced attention of oncologists to a problem of treatment of these neoplasms is characteristic.

Great value sanitary-educational work among the population and has knowledge doctors of different specialities of clinical displays of melanomas, tactics of their treatment. At appreciable number of patients the melanoma develops on a place of pigmental nevuses and one of the reasons of occurrence of a neoplasm is served with a trauma. In this connection it is necessary to note inadmissibility of not radical, "cosmetic" excision of pigmental cutifications. With the subsequent obligatory histological research dangerous nevuses are a subject to unconditional excision in the form of melanomas; them delete within the limits of a healthy skin, having receded not less than 5 millimeters from visible edge of a tumour.

The melanoma of a skin appears more often in the age of 30-50 years. External displays of a melanoma are various: the tumour can look as dark maculae, to form an easy diverticulum, to get a kind of papillomatous growths, to have the fungoides or wrong form. The single tumour is more often taped, sometimes there are two (or a little) the merged units. The surface of a melanoma can be smooth or rough, covered a false skin. Painting of a melanoma changes over a wide range - from black through various shades brown up to seldom meeting pigment-free neoplasms, deprived a visible pigment. The pigmentation can be uniform, more expressed in the center, strengthened on periphery. The sizes of a primary tumour vary from punctual up to enough large units. Among malignant melanomas there can be forms with rather slow development and an innidiation only in regional lymph nodes and lightning - with a fast hematogenic innidiation. The discoloration of the pigmental nevus, the begun body height of formation, ulceration, staxises, inflammatory changes in surrounding tissues are clinical attributes of danger.