Meningitis - an inflammation of cerebral environments.

Etiology, pathogenesis. Disease is caused with various bacteria, viruses, mushrooms. Soft both arachnoidal environments and vascular plexuses of ventricles closely bound to them inflame. The absorption and circulation of a cerebrospinal liquid that leads to development of an intracranial hypertensia is broken. Roots, cranial nerves, vessels of a brain can be involved in process substance head and a spinal cord. Primary meningitises proceed as independent diseases, secondary are complication of somatic illnesses.

For meningitises the meningeal syndrome is characteristic: a headache, a vomiting, a muscle tension of a nape, a Kernig's sign, the general hyperesthesia, a heat, inflammatory changes of a cerebrospinal liquid. Depending on the nature of illness and its stage the expression of separate signs widely varies. The diagnosis of a meningitis is based on features of a clinical picture and structure of a cerebrospinal liquid, and also on data of its bacteriological and virologic research. A meningism - a boring of cerebral environments without penetration of an infection into subarachnoid space (structure of a cerebrospinal liquid normal), quite often observable at height of the general diseases, accompanied an intoxication and a heat. Depending on structure of a cerebrospinal liquid meningitises divide on purulent and serous.

Purulent meningitises are characterized by presence in a cerebrospinal liquid of the pleocytosis exceeding 500 cells in 1кубическом a milliliter. Purulent meningitises can be caused by various originators: pneumococcuses, a hemophilic rod, streptococcuses, an intestinal rod, etc.

Pneumococcal meningitis children of early age and people are ill mainly is more senior 40 years (at the last it is the most frequent form of a purulent meningitis). Sources of an infection and the factors promoting transition of a lesion on environments of a brain, chronic otites and sinusitises, mastoidites, traumas of a skull, an alcoholism, immune disturbances serve. As well as at a spotted fever, there can be prodromal signs in the form of the general malaise and subfebrile temperature. Dermal rashes are uncharacteristic, except for herpes labialis. The clinical picture is typical for a serious bacteriemic meningocephalitis. Short-term deenergizings consciousness, a cramp and paralyses of cranial nerves are characteristic. Greenish painting of a muddy cerebrospinal liquid is rather typical. Without treatment disease leads to mors in 5-6 days, however and at adequate treatment the mortality is high (up to 50 %).