Pneumoconiosises are the occupational diseases of lungs caused by long inhalation of a dust and described development of a diffusive intersticial fibrosis. Can meet at working mining, coal, asbestos, machine-building and some other industries. Development of a pneumoconiosis depends on physical and chemical features of an inhaled dust.

The clinical picture of pneumoconiosises has series of similar features: slow, chronic current with the tendency to the advance, quite often leading disturbance of a working capacity; proof sclerotic changes in lungs. The general are also principles of prophylaxis of pneumoconiosises, first of all exercise of the technical and sanitary and hygienic actions referred on the maximal depression of a dust content of air of workrooms, carrying out preliminary (at entering for work) and periodic medical surveys. So, as contraindications to the employment, bound to influence of a siliceous dust, the pulmonary tuberculosis, a series of diseases of the top respiratory ways and bronchuses, chronic diseases of a forward piece of eyes, skins, allergic illnesses serve. Carrying out of periodic medical surveys 2 times a year or 1 time in 2 years depending on potential danger of manufacture is obligatory.