Pneumonia at newborns.

Etiology, pathogenesis. In an etiology great value the fetal becoming infected, an aspiration of amniotic waters, a dismaturity of a pulmonary tissue, atelectases, a circulatory disturbance in lungs have, a respiratory distress-syndrome. Distinguish the fetal and got pneumonias. In a basis of a fetal pneumonia transplacental (hematogenic) infection or an aspiration of amnionic waters and slime (the combination of the reasons is frequent) lays. The majority of children with a fetal pneumonia are born from mothers with the obstetric anamnesis (an acute or chronic infection during pregnancy, the long anhydrous period, etc.), in a condition of an asphyxia or a hypoxia. The virus bacteriemic pneumonia at newborn and not full-term children usually develops on a background of respiratory diseases and can proceed in the form of a focal, confluent and intersticial pneumonia (first two forms meet more often).

At a fetal pneumonia the areflexia is observed; a hypomyotonia, grey-acyanotic painting of a skin, attributes of a respiratory failure. At attempt of feeding - a vomiting or a regurgitation, in 2-3 days a paresis of an intestine.

Children become flaccid, sleepy, cease to suck, they have cyanosis, a dyspnea, tussis of various intensity, sometimes foamy allocation from a mouth. The respiratory failure is expressed. Allocate 3 degrees of a respiratory failure:

1 degree - a small acceleration of the respiration, the moderate retraction of intercostal spaces, not sharp perioral cyanosis, observable in a quiet condition;

2 degree - participates in respiration the auxiliary musculation, the expressed perioral and periorbital cyanosis;

3 degree - frequency of respirations more than 70 1 minute with frustration of the rhythm, the expressed participation in respiration of an auxiliary musculation, movement by a head in a step to the respiratory movements, the proof widespread cyanosis. Almost always there are also attributes of a cardiovascular failure.