Polycystosis of kidneys - congenital disease at which in both kidneys appear and cysts that leads to an atrophy of a functioning parenchyma are gradually enlarged. Concerns to hereditary anomalies of development and often meets at members of one family. Illness during a life progresses, is shown and diagnosed in the age of 20-40 years more often, but it is sometimes found out in children, in advanced age.

Etiology, pathogenesis. The reason of occurrence of anomaly is unknown.

Signs, current. Disease for many years is usual proceeds asymptomatically. The polycystosis can be found out casually at inspection, on operation. It speaks small typicalness of signs early stages of disease. When the mass of a functioning parenchyma considerably decreases, broken concentration ability of kidneys, patients mark a polyuria and thirst, and then deterioration of appetite, depression of a working capacity, there are dull aches and feeling of gravity in lumbar area, a headache. These most frequent subjective attributes of a polycystosis of kidneys are supplemented with objective data. The polyuria sometimes reaches 3-4 litres day. Urine colorless, low relative density. The nocturia and an isosthenuria are observed. The proteinuria and daily loss of fiber are minimal; the cylindruria is poorly expressed also. In a urocheras constantly find out erythrocytes, the gross hematuria is observed also. Sometimes the gross hematuria is characterized by a profuse, renal bleeding dangerous to a life. The leukocyturia often testifies to the accompanying infection sometimes leading attack of a pyelonephritis and a pyesis of cysts. In these cases the temperature raises (sometimes with a cold fit), amplify nephralgias, the intoxication accrues. At a palpation the enlarged, tuberous, dense and morbid kidney is palpated. The polyuria promotes deducing of products of an exchange, and long time of an azotemia can not be, but eventually secretory function of nitrogen of kidneys is broken and there is an azotemia. During this period a condition of the patient worsens, appear unpleasant taste in a mouth, a nausea. Usually azotemia at a polycystosis of kidneys progresses slowly, but the renal bleeding, a pyesis of cysts, and also a trauma, a surgical intervention, pregnancy and labors often accelerate development of an azotemia. Advance of disease is promoted also by arterial hypertensia often accompanying it which in most cases happens moderated, but sometimes proceeds malignant. The arterial hypertensia is accompanied by frustration of a hemodynamic and a hypertrophy of a left ventricle of heart. In late stages of disease the anemia and other attributes of a renal failure are observed.