Stenocardia (angina pectoris) - attacks of a sudden stethalgia owing to an acute disadvantage of blood supply of a myocardium - the clinical form of ischemic illness of heart.

Pathogenesis. In most cases the stenocardia is caused by an atherosclerosis of coronal arteries of heart; in an initial stage expansion of a lumen of an artery is limited and there is an acute deficiency of blood supply of a myocardium at appreciable physical or emotional strong strains; the sharp atherosclerosis with narrowing a lumen of an artery on 75 % and more causes such deficiency already at the moderate strains. Occurrence of an attack is promoted by depression of inflow of a blood to ostiums of coronary arteries (arterial, especially diastolic hypotension of any, including medicinal, parentages or falling of intimate emission at a tachyarrhythmia, to a venous hypotension); pathological reflex influences from cholic ways, an esophagus, cervical and thoracal departments of a backbone at their accompanying diseases; Acute narrowing of a lumen of a coronary artery (a pathogenesis of an astable stenocardia bind to break or splitting of an atherosclerotic plaque, formation of a thrombus in a coronary artery, rising of aggregation of thrombocytes). The basic mechanisms of decrease of an attack: fast and appreciable depression of a level of work of a cardiac musle (the termination of a load, action of Nitroglycerinum), restoration of adequacy of inflow of a blood to coronary arteries. The basic conditions of depression of frequency and the termination of attacks: the adaptation of a regimen of loads of the patient to reserve opportunities of its coronary bed; development of ways of roundabout blood supply of a myocardium; decrease of displays of accompanying diseases; stabilization of a systemic circulation; development of a fibrosis of a myocardium in a zone of its ischemia.