The emphysema of lungs - the chronic progressing disease, described pathological expansion of air spaces is more distal than terminal bronchioles with a destruction of alveolar septums. Distinguish an emphysema with a uniform lesion of all alveoluses which are a part of an acinus of a lung and with destruction of respiratory bronchioles, alveolar courses and alveoluses in the center of an acinus and conservation of surrounding alveoluses. The violent emphysema is diagnosed, if the emphysematous site of a lung in the sizes exceeds 1 centimeter. Together with a chronic obstructive bronchitis and a bronchial asthma the emphysema of lungs is a part, groups of chronic obstructive illnesses of lungs. The chronic bronchitis and an emphysema of lungs proceed, as a rule, simultaneously (their occurrence is promoted by the same factors), however displays of one of these diseases can dominate over a clinical picture.

Signs, current. Are characteristic a dyspnea at an exercise stress, through the labiums combined by a tubule with inflating cheeks the premature expiratory collapse of bronchuses, depression of mass of a body, a barrel thorax, decrease of its respiratory excursions, expansion of intercostal spaces, a protrusion of supraclavicular areas, the bandbox percussion sound, the weakened respiration, decrease of area of relative dullness of heart, dullness of intimate tones allows to overcome an exhalation. On the roentgenogram low standing a diaphragm and decrease of its mobility, rising of a transparence of pulmonary fields are defined. At research of function of external respiration tap augmentation of the general capacity of lungs and residual volume, depression of vital capacity, volume of the forced exhalation, elastic properties of lungs.