Traumas of an ear, throat and nose.

Traumas of an ear. A mechanical trauma - the most frequent kind of damages of an ear. Character of damages depends on intensity of a trauma. The internal ear (fracture of base of the skull) can be damaged not only an external ear, but also an average, and even.

Signs, current. Bruises of an auricle quite often become complicated an othematoma. Stronger traumas can be accompanied by an abruption and a crush of an auricle. At a strong trauma are observed both longitudinal (thicket), and cross-section fracture of a pyramid of a temporal bone. Longitudinal fracture of a pyramid besides the general signs is accompanied by break of a tympanic membrane, a skin of the top wall of external acoustical passage, a bleeding from an ear and quite often liquorrhea; the facial nerve, as a rule, thus is not damaged, function of the vestibular apparatus is kept, the hearing goes down. Cross-section fracture of a pyramid of a temporal bone is accompanied by damage of a labyrinth and, as a rule, a facial nerve. Thus acoustical and vestibular functions almost always completely drop out. The tympanic membrane usually remains to the whole, otorrhagias it is not marked. Character of osteal damages establish at a X-ray inspection of a skull.

Traumas of a nose and about nasal sinuses. There are open and closed traumas. Character of damage depends on force and a direction of impact. Blunt traumas are accompanied by the closed fracture of bones of a nose, and sometimes and walls of adnexal sinuses. Serious traumas of a nose are quite often accompanied by a loss of consciousness and a shock. The nasal bleeding, a hematoma of a nasal septum are often observed.

Trauma of pharynx. Can be from within - at penetration of a subject through a mouth or a nose (especially at children) and outside - at wounds of a neck. In a peace time internal damages, in military - external are more often observed.

Trauma of a larynx. Distinguish bruises, fractures (a sublingual bone, cartilages of a larynx) and wounds.